Original URL: http://www.inform.umd.edu/PBIO/pb250/cron4.html
PBIO 250 Lecture Notes
James L. Reveal
Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland
Cronquist System of Angiosperm Classification
2. Liliopsida Scop. (1760)
Aropsida Bartl. (1830)
Bromeliopsida Brongn. (1843)
Hydrocharitopsida Bartl. (1830)
Juncopsida Bartl. (1830)
Liriopsida Brongn. (1843)
Najadiopsida Hoffmanns. & Link (1809)
Orchidopsida Bartl. (1830)
Pandanopsida Brongn. (1843)
Phoenicopsida Brongn. (1843)
1. Alismatidae Takht. (1967)
Triurididae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Alismatales Dumort. (1829)
Butomales Hutch. (1934)
1. Butomaceae Rich., nom. cons. (1815)
2. Limnocharitaceae Takht. ex Cronquist (1981)
3. Alismataceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
Damasoniaceae Nakai (1943)
Elismataceae Nakai, nom. illeg. (1943)
2. Hydrocharitales Dumort. (1829)
Elodeales Nakai (1950)
Vallisneriales Nakai (1949)
1. Hydrocharitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Blyxaceae (Aschers. & Gürcke) Nakai (1949)
Elodeaceae Dumort. (1829)
Enhalaceae Nakai (1943)
Halophilaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Stratiotaceae Link (1829)
Thalassiaceae Nakai (1943)
Vallisneriaceae Link (1829)
3. Najadales Dumort. (1829)
Aponogetonales Hutch. (1934)
Cymodoceales Nakai (1943)
Juncaginales Hutch. (1934)
Posidoniales Nakai (1943)
Potamogetonales Dumort. (1829)
Ruppiales Nakai (1950)
Scheuchzeriales B. Boivin (1956)
Zosterales Nakai (1943)
1. Aponogetonaceae J. Agardh (1858)
2. Scheuchzeriaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
3. Juncaginaceae Rich. (1808)
Heterostylaceae Hutch. (1934)
Lilaeaceae Dumort. (1829)
Maundiaceae Nakai (1943)
Triglochinaceae Chev. (1827)
4. Potamogetonaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Hydrogetonaceae Link (1829)
5. Ruppiaceae Horan. ex Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
6. Najadaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
7. Zannichelliaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
8. Posidoniaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
Cauliniaceae J. Presl, nom. illeg. (1846)
9. Cymodoceaceae N. Taylor, nom. cons. (1909)
10. Zosteraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
4. Triuridales Hook.f. (1876)
Petrosaviales Takht. (1997)
1. Petrosaviaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
2. Triuridaceae Gardner, nom. cons. (1843)
Lacandoniaceae E. Martínes & Ramos (1989)
2. Arecidae Takht. (1967)
Acoranae Reveal (1997)
Aridae Takht. (1997)
1. Arecales Bromhead (1840)
Cocosales Nakai (1930)
1. Arecaceae Schultz Sch., nom. cons. (1832)
Acristaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Borassaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
Calamaceae Kunth ex Perleb (1838)
Ceroxylaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Chamaedoreaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Cocosaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
Coryphaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
Geonomataceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Iriarteaceae O.F. Cook & Doyle (1913)
Lepidocaryaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Malortieaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Manicariaceae O.F. Cook (1910)
Nypaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne. (1868)
Palmae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
Phoenicaceae Burnett (1835)
Phytellephaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
Pseudophoenicaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
Sabalaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
Sagaceae Schultz Sch., nom. illeg. (1832)
Synechanthaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
2. Cyclanthales Nakai (1930)
1. Cyclanthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
3. Pandanales Lindl. (1833)
1. Pandanaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Freycinetiaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne. (1868)
4. Arales Dumort. (1829)
Acorales Reveal (1996)
1. Acoraceae Martinov (1820)
2. Araceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Arisaraceae Raf. (1838)
Caladiaceae Salisb. (1866)
Callaceae Rchb. ex Bartl. (1830)
Cryptocorynaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Dracontiaceae Salisb. (1866)
Lentiscaceae Horan. (1843)
Orontiaceae Bartl. (1830)
Pistiaceae Rich. ex C. Agardh (1822)
Pothoaceae Raf. (1838)
3. Lemnaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
Wolffiaceae Bubani (1901-1902)
3. Commelinidae Takht. (1967)
1. Commelinales Dumort. (1829)
Rapateales Colella ex Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
Mayacales Nakai (1943)
Xyridales Lindl. (1846)
1. Rapateaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
2. Xyridaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1823)
Abolbodaceae Nakai (1943)
3. Mayacaceae Kunth (1842)
4. Commelinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Cartonemataceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1946)
Ephemeraceae Batsch, nom. illeg. (1802)
Tradescantiaceae Salisb. (1807)
2. Eriocaulales Nakai (1930)
1. Eriocaulaceae P. Beauv. ex Desv. (1828)
3. Restionales J.H. Schaffn. (1929)
Centrolepidales R. Dahlgren ex Takht. (1997)
Flagellariales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
1. Flagellariaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
2. Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C. Sm. (1970)
3. Restionaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Anarthriaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965)
Ecdeiocoleaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965)
Elegiaceae Raf. (1838)
4. Centrolepidaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1836)
Devauxiaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
4. Juncales Dumort. (1829)
1. Juncaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
2. Thurniaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1907)
5. Cyperales Hutch. (1934)
Avenales Bromhead (1838)
Poales Small (1903)
1. Cyperaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Caricaceae Burnett, nom. illeg. (1835)
Kobresiaceae Gilly (1952)
Papyraceae Burnett (1835)
Scirpaceae Batsch (1786)
2. Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnh., nom. cons. (1895)
Aegilopaceae Martinov (1820)
Agrostidaceae Burnett (1835)
Alopecuraceae Martinov (1820)
Andropogonaceae Martinov (1820)
Anomochloaceae Nakai (1943)
Arundinaceae (Dumort.) Hochst. (1850)
Arundinellaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
Avenaceae Martinov (1820)
Bambusaceae Burnett (1835)
Chloridaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Herter (1940)
Eragrostidaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
Festucaceae (Dumort.) Herter (1952)
Gramineae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
Hordeaceae Burnett (1835)
Lepturaceae (Dumort.) Herter (1940)
Maydaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
Melicaceae Martinov (1820)
Miliaceae Burnett (1835)
Nardaceae Martinov (1820)
Oryzaceae Burnett (1835)
Panicaceae Voigt (1845)
Pappophoraceae (Kunth) Herter (1940)
Parianaceae Nakai (1943)
Phalaridaceae Burnett (1835)
Pharaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
Saccharaceae Martinov (1820)
Spartinaceae Burnett (1835)
Sporobolaceae Herter (1941)
Stipaceae Burnett (1835)
Streptochaetaceae Nakai (1943)
Tristeginaceae (Link) Herter, nom. illeg. (1940)
Triticaceae Hochst. (1848)
Zeaceae A. Kern. (1891)
6. Hydatellales Cronquist (1980)
1. Hydatellaceae U. Hamann, nom. cons. (1976)
7. Typhales Dumort. (1829)
1. Sparganiaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
2. Typhaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
4. Zingiberidae Cronquist (1978)
1. Bromeliales Dumort. (1829)
1. Bromeliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Tillandsiaceae Wilbr. (1834)
2. Zingiberales Griseb. (1854)
Amomales Lindl. (1835)
Cannales Dumort. (1829)
Lowiales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
Musales Reveal (1997)
1. Strelitziaceae (K. Schum.) Hutch. (1934)
2. Heliconiaceae (A. Rich.) Nakai (1941)
3. Musaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
4. Lowiaceae Ridl., nom. cons. (1924)
5. Zingiberaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1835)
Alpiniaceae R. Br. ex Rudolphi (1830)
Amomaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805)
Curcumaceae Dumort. (1829)
6. Costaceae (Meisn.) Nakai (1941)
7. Cannaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
8. Marantaceae Petersen, nom. cons. (1888)
5. Liliidae Takht. (1967)
1. Liliales Perleb (1826)
Agavales Hutch. (1934)
Alliales Traub (1972)
Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
Amaryllidales Bromhead (1840)
Asparagales Bromhead (1838)
Asteliales Dumort. (1829)
Colchicales Dumort. (1829)
Dasypogonales Thorne, nom. nud. (1997)
Dioscoreales Hook.f. (1876)
Geitonoplesiaceae R. Dahlgr. ex Conran (1994)
Haemodorales Hutch. (1934)
Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
Hypoxidales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
Iridales Raf. (1815)
Ixiales Lindl. (1835)
Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
Narcissales Dumort. (1829)
Nartheciales Reveal & Zompher (1997)
Paridales Dumort. (1829)
Philydrales Dumort. (1829)
Pontederiales Hook.f. (1876)
Smilacales Lindl. (1833)
Stemonales Takht. (1995)
Taccales Dumort. (1829)
Tamales Dumort. (1829)
Tecophilaeales Traub ex Reveal (1993)
Tofieldiales Reveal & Zomlefer (1997)
Trilliales Takht. (1997)
Velloziales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
Veratrales Dumort. (1829)
Xanthorrhoeales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
1. Philydraceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
2. Pontederiaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1816)
Heterantheraceae J. Agardh (1858)
Unisemataceae Raf. (1837)
3. Haemodoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Conostylidaceae (Pax) Takht. (1987)
Dilatridaceae M. Roem. (1840)
Lophiolaceae Nakai (1943)
Wachendorfiaceae Herb. (1837)
Xiphidiaceae Dumort. (1829)
4. Cyanastraceae Engl., nom. cons. (1900)
5. Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Abaminaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
Agapanthaceae Voigt (1850)
Alliaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
Androsynaceae Salisb., nom. cons. rej. (1866)
Anthericaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Aphyllanthaceae Burnett (1835)
Asparagaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Asphodelaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Aspidistraceae Endl. (1841)
Asteliaceae Dumort. (1829)
Blandfordiaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
Brunsvigiaceae Horan. (1834)
Bulbocodiaceae Salisb. (1866)
Burchardiaceae Takht. (1996)
Calochortaceae Dumort. (1829)
Campynemataceae Dumort. (1829)
Cepaceae Salisb. (1866)
Chionographidaceae Takht. (1996)
Colchicaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
Compsoaceae Horan., nom. rej. prop. (1834)
Conantheraceae (D. Don) Hook.f. (1873)
Convallariaceae Horan. (1834)
Crinaceae Vest (1818)
Cyanellaceae Salisb. (1866)
Cyrtanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
Dianellaceae Salisb. (1866)
Eriospermaceae Endl. (1841)
Erythroniaceae Martinov (1820)
Eucomidaceae Salisb. (1866)
Fritillariaceae Salisb. (1866)
Funkiaceae Horan., nom. illeg. (1834)
Galanthaceae G. Mey. (1836)
Gethyllidaceae Raf. (1838)
Gilliesiaceae Lindl. (1826)
Haemanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
Heloniadaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Hemerocallidaceae R. Br. (1810)
Herreriaceae Endl. (1841)
Hesperocallidaceae Traub (1972)
Hostaceae B. Mathew (1988)
Hyacinthaceae Batsch (1786)
Hypoxidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
Ixioliriaceae (Pax) Nakai (1943)
Japonoliriaceae Takht. (1996)
Johnsoniaceae Lotsy (1911)
Lachenaliaceae Salisb. (1866)
Lanariaceae H. Huber ex R. Dahlgren & A.E. van Wyk (1988)
Laxmanniaceae Bubani (1901-1902)
Leucojaceae Batsch (1786)
Liriaceae Batsch (1786)
Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987)
Melanthiaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
Merenderaceae Mirb. (1804)
Milulaceae Traub (1972)
Narcissaceae Juss. (1789)
Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon (1846)
Ophiopogonaceae Endl. (1841)
Oporanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
Ornithogalaceae Salisb. (1866)
Pancratiaceae Horan. (1847)
Paridaceae Dumort. (1827)
Peliosanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
Platymetraceae Salisb., nom. illeg. (1866)
Polygonataceae Salisb. (1866)
Ruscaceae Sprengl. ex Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
Scillaceae Vest (1818)
Scoliopaceae Takht. (1996)
Strumariaceae Salisb. (1866)
Tecophilaeaceae Leyb., nom. cons. (1862)
Themidaceae Salisb. (1866)
Tofieldiaceae Takht. (1994)
Tricyrtidaceae Takht., nom. cons. prop. (1997)
Trilliaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1846)
Tulbaghiaceae Salisb. (1866)
Tulipaceae Batsch (1786)
Tupistraceae Schnizl. (1846)
Uvulariaceae A. Gray ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1843)
Veratraceae Salisb. (1807)
Walleriaceae (R. Dahlgren) Takht., nom. cons. prop. (1994)
Xerophyllaceae Takht. (1996)
Zephyranthaceae Salisb. (1866)
6. Iridaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Crocaceae Vest (1818)
Galaxiaceae Raf. (1836)
Gladiolaceae Raf. (1838)
Hewardiaceae Nakai, nom. illeg. (1943)
Isophysidaceae (Hutch.) F.A. Barkley (1948)
Ixiaceae Horan. (1834)
7. Velloziaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
Acanthochlamydaceae (Shou C. Chen) P.C. Kao (1989)
Barbaceniaceae Arn. (1832)
8. Aloaceae Batsch (1802)
9. Agavaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
Doryanthaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
Dracaenaceae Salisb. (1866)
Nolinaceae Nakai (1943)
Phormiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Sansevieriaceae Nakai (1936)
Yuccaceae J. Agardh (1858)
10. Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Baxteriaceae Takht. (1996)
Calectasiaceae Endl. (1838)
Dasypogonaceae Dumort. (1829)
Kingiaceae Endl. (1838)
Lomandraceae Lotsy (1911)
Xerotaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1838)
11. Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
12. Taccaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
13. Stemonaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1887)
Croomiaceae Nakai (1937)
Pentastemonaceae Duyfjes (1992)
Roxburghiaceae Wall. (1832)
14. Smilacaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
Eustrephaceae Chupov (1994)
Lapageriaceae Kunth (1850)
Luzuriagaceae Lotsy (1911)
Petermanniaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
Philesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Rhipogonaceae Conran & Cliffford (1985)
15. Dioscoreaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Avetraceae Takht. (1997)
Stenomeridaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
Tamaceae Martinov (1820)
Tamnaceae J. Kickx f. (1826)
Trichopodaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
2. Orchidales Raf. (1815)
Burmanniales Heintze (1927)
1. Geosiridaceae Jonker, nom. cons. (1939)
2. Burmanniaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1827)
Thismiaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
Tripterellaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
3. Corsiaceae Becc., nom. cons. (1878)
4. Orchidaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Apostasiaceae Lindl. (1833)
Cypripediaceae Lindl. (1833)
Limodoraceae Horan. (1847)
Neottiaceae Horan. (1834)
Neuwiediaceae (Burns-Bal. & V.A. Funk) R. Dahlgren ex Reveal & Hoogland (1991)
Vanillaceae Lindl. (1835)
Magnoliidae through Dilleniidae, Rosidae or Asteridae
Next Series of Lecture Notes:
Dahlgren System of Angiosperm Classification
15 Nov 1998
