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Original URL: http://www.inform.umd.edu/PBIO/pb250/cron2.html

PBIO 250 Lecture Notes

James L. Reveal

Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland


Cronquist System of Angiosperm Classification

   5. Rosidae Takht. (1967)
               Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994)
     1. Rosales Perleb (1826)
               Anisophylleales Takht. (1997)
               Brexiales Lindl. (1833)
               Bruniales Dumort. (1829)
               Byblidales Nakai ex Reveal (1993)
               Cephalotales Nakai (1943)
               Chrysobalanales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Connarales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
               Crassulales Lindl. (1833)
               Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
               Cunoniales Hutch. (1924)
               Francoales Takht. (1997)
               Greyiales Takht. (1997)
               Grossulariales Lindl. (1833)
               Hortensiales Griseb. (1854)
               Hydrangeales Nakai (1943)
               Parnassiales Nakai (1943)
               Pittosporales Lindl. (1833)
               Roridulales Nakai (1943)
               Sanguisorbales Dumort. (1829)
               Saxifragales Dumort. (1829)
               Sedales Rchb.f. (1828)
       1. Brunelliaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       2. Connaraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Cnestiaceae (Raf.) Raf. (1830)
       3. Eucryphiaceae Endl. (1841)
       4. Cunoniaceae R. Br. (1814)
               Baueraceae Lindl. (1830)
               Belangeraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Callicomaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       5. Davidsoniaceae Bange (1952)
       6. Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni, nom. cons. (1948)
       7. Pittosporaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
       8. Byblidaceae (Engl. & Gilg) Domin, nom. cons. (1922)
               Roridulaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       9. Hydrangeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Hortensiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Kirengeshomaceae Nakai (1943)
               Philadelphaceae Martinov (1820)
               Pottingeriaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
       10. Columelliaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1828)
       11. Grossulariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
               Abrophyllaceae Nakai (1943)
               Argophyllaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
               Brexiaceae Loud. (1830)
               Carpodetaceae Fenzl (1841)
               Dulongiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
               Escalloniaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Iteaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
               Ixerbaceae Griseb. (1854)
               Montiniaceae Nakai (1943)
               Phyllonomaceae Small (1905)
               Polyosmaceae Blume (1851)
               Pterostemonaceae Small, nom. cons. (1905)
               Ribesiaceae Marq. (1820)
               Rousseaceae DC. (1839)
               Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai (1943)
               Tribelaceae (Engl.) Airy Shaw (1964)
       12. Greyiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
       13. Bruniaceae R. Br. ex DC., nom. cons. (1825)
               Berzeliaceae Nakai (1943)
       14. Anisophylleaceae Ridl. (1922)
               Polygonanthaceae Croizat (1943)
       15. Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
       16. Crassulaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
               Cotyledonaceae Martinov (1820)
               Rhodiolaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sedaceae Adans. (1763)
               Sempervivaceae Durande (1782)
               Tillaeaceae Martinov (1820)
       17. Cephalotaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       18. Saxifragaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Eremosynaceae Dandy (1959)
               Francoaceae A. Juss., nom. cons. (1832)
               Lepuropetalaceae (Engl.) Nakai (1943)
               Parnassiaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
               Pectiantiaceae Raf. (1837)
               Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britt., nom. cons. (1901)
               Vahliaceae Dandy (1959)
       19. Rosaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Agrimoniaceae Gray (1821)
               Alchemillaceae Martinov (1820)
               Amygdalaceae (Juss.) D. Don, nom. cons. (1825)
               Cercocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Coleogynaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Cydoniaceae Schnizl. (1858)
               Dryadaceae Gray (1821)
               Fragariaceae Nestl. (1816)
               Lindleyaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Malaceae Small ex Britt., nom. cons. (1903)
               Mespilaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Neilliaceae Miq. (1855)
               Potentillaceae (Juss.) Wilbr. (1824)
               Poteriaceae Raf. (1815)
               Prunaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Pyraceae Vest (1818)
               Quillajaceae D. Don (1831)
               Rhodotypaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Sanguisorbaceae Durande (1782)
               Sorbaceae Brenner (1886)
               Spiraeaceae Bertuch (1801)
               Tormentillaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ulmariaceae Gray (1821)
       20. Neuradaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Grielaceae Martinov (1820)
       21. Crossosomataceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       22. Chrysobalanaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Hirtellaceae Horan. (1847)
               Licaniaceae Martinov (1820)
       23. Surianaceae Arn. (1834)
               Stylobasiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       24. Rhabdodendraceae (Huber) Prance (1968)
     2. Fabales Bromhead (1838)
               Cassiales Horan. (1847)
       1. Mimosaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
       2. Caesalpiniaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Bauhiniaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cassiaceae Vest (1818)
               Ceratoniaceae Link (1831)
               Detariaceae (DC.) J. Hess (1832)
               Swartzieae (DC.) Bartl. (1830)
       3. Fabaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Aspalathaceae Martinov (1820)
               Astragalaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ciceraceae Steele (1847)
               Coronillaceae Martinov (1820)
               Galedupaceae Martinov (1820)
               Hedysaraceae Oken (1826)
               Inocarpaceae Zoll. (1854-1855)
               Lathyraceae Burnett (1835)
               Leguminosae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Lotaceae Oken (1826)
               Papilionaceae Giseke, nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1792)
               Phaseolaceae Schnizl. (1843-1870)
               Robiniaceae Vest (1818)
               Tamarindaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Viciaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
     3. Proteales Dumort. (1829)
               Elaeagnales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Elaeagnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Hippophaeaceae G. Mey. (1836)
       2. Proteaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Lepidocarpaceae Schultz Sch., nom. illeg. (1832)
     4. Podostemales Lindl. (1833)
               Marathrales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Podostemaceae Rich. ex C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1822)
               Marathraceae Dumort. (1829)
               Philocrenaceae Bongard (1834)
               Tristichaceae Willis (1915)
     5. Haloragales Bromhead (1838)
               Gunnerales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Haloragaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Cercodiaceae Juss. (1817)
               Myriophyllaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
       2. Gunneraceae Meisn., nom. cons. (1842)
     6. Myrtales Rchb.f. (1828)
               Combretales Baskerville (1839)
               Daphnales Lindl. (1833)
               Lythrales Caruel (1881)
               Melastomatales Oliv. (1895)
               Oenotherales Bromhead (1838)
               Onagrales Rchb.f. (1828)
               Penaeales Lindl. (1833)
               Thymelaeales Willk. (1854)
       1. Sonneratiaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
               Blattiaceae Nied. (1892)
               Duabangaceae Takht. (1986)
       2. Lythraceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
               Ammanniaceae Horan. (1834)
               Lagerstroemiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Lawsoniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Salicariaceae Adans., nom. illeg. (1763)
       3. Rhynchocalycaceae L.A.S. Johnson & B.G. Briggs (1985)
       4. Alzateaceae S.A. Graham (1985)
       5. Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons. (1828)
       6. Crypteroniaceae A. DC., nom. cons. (1868)
               Henslowiaceae Lindl. (1835)
       7. Thymelaeaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aquilariaceae R. Br. ex DC. (1825)
               Daphnaceae Vent. (1799)
               Gonystylaceae Gilg, nom. cons. (1897)
               Phaleriaceae Meisn. (1841)
       8. Trapaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       9. Myrtaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Chamelauciaceae (DC.) Rudolphi (1830)
               Heteropyxidaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1920)
               Kaniaceae Nakai (1943)
               Leptospermaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Rudolphi (1830)
               Melaleucaceae Vest (1818)
               Myrrhiniaceae Arn. (1839)
               Psiloxylaceae Croizat (1960)
       10. Punicaceae Horan., nom. cons. (1834)
       11. Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Circaeaceae Ruthe (1827)
               Epilobiaceae Vent. (1799)
               Fuchsiaceae (DC.) Lilja (1870)
               Isnardiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Jussiaeaceae Martinov (1820)
               Lopeziaceae (Spach) Lilja (1870)
               Oenotheraceae C.C. Robin (1807)
       12. Oliniaceae Harv. & Sond., nom. cons. (1862)
       13. Melastomataceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Blakeaceae Rchb. ex Barnh. (1895)
               Memecylaceae DC. ex Schltdl. (1827)
               Miconiaceae K. Koch (1857)
               Mouririaceae Gardner (1840)
               Rhexiaceae Dumort. (1822)
       14. Combretaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Bucidaceae Spreng. (1825)
               Myrobalanaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sheadendraceae Bertol. (1850)
               Terminaliaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805)
     7. Rhizophorales Tiegh. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Rhizophoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Cassipoureaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Legnotidaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1841)
               Macarisiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Mangiaceae Raf. (1837)
     8. Cornales Dumort. (1829)
               Aralidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Aucubales Takht. (1997)
               Garryales Lindl. (1846)
               Griseliniales Takht. (1997)
               Helwingiales Takht. (1997)
               Metteniusales Takht. (1997)
               Torricelliales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Alangiaceae DC., nom. cons. (1828)
               Metteniusaceae H. Karst. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
       2. Cornaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Aralidiaceae Philipson & B.C. Stone (1980)
               Aucubaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Corokiaceae Kapil ex Takht. (1997)
               Curtisiaceae (Harms) Takht. (1987)
               Davidiaceae (Harms) H.L. Li (1955)
               Griseliniaceae J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. ex A. Cunn. (1839)
               Helwingiaceae Decne. (1836)
               Kaliphoraceae Takht. (1996)
               Mastixiaceae Calest. (1905)
               Melanophyllaceae Takht. ex Airy Shaw (1972)
               Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Torricelliaceae (Wang.) Hu (1934)
       3. Garryaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1834)
     9. Santalales Dumort. (1829)
               Anthobolales Dumort. (1829)
               Balanophorales Dumort. (1829)
               Cynomoriales Burnett (1835)
               Loranthales Dumort. (1829)
               Medusandrales Brenan (1952)
               Olacales Benth. (1862)
       1. Medusandraceae Brenan, nom. cons. (1952)
       2. Dipentodontaceae Merr., nom. cons. (1941)
       3. Olacaceae Mirb. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Aptandraceae Miers (1853)
               Erythropalaceae (Hassk.) Sleumer, nom. cons. (1942)
               Octoknemaceae Tiegh. ex Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
               Schoepfiaceae Blume (1850)
               Tetrastylidiaceae Calest. (1905)
               Ximeniaceae Martinet (1873)
       4. Opiliaceae (Benth.) Valeton, nom. cons. (1886)
               Cansjeraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       5. Santalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Anthobolaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Canopodaceae C. Presl (1851)
               Dendrophthoaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Exocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Osyridaceae Raf. (1820)
               Thesiaceae Vest (1818)
       6. Misodendraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       7. Loranthaceae Juss. (1808)
               Elytranthaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Gaiadendraceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Nuytsiaceae Tiegh. (1896)
               Psittacanthaceae Nakai (1952)
       8. Viscaceae Batsch (1802)
               Arceuthobiaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Bifariaceae Nakai (1952)
               Ginalloaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Lepidocerataceae Nakai (1952)
               Phoradendraceae H. Karsten (1860)
       9. Eremolepidaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
       10. Balanophoraceae Rich. (1822)
               Cynomoriaceae (Schott & Endl.) Lindl., nom. cons. (1833)
               Dactylanthaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
               Heloseaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead (1840)
               Langsdorffiaceae Tiegh. ex Pilger (1914)
               Lophophytaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead (1840)
               Mystropetalaceae Hook.f. (1853)
               Sarcophytaceae A. Kern. (1891)
               Scybaliaceae A. Kern. (1891)
     10. Rafflesiales Oliv. (1895)
               Cytinales Dumort. (1829)
               Hydnorales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Hydnoraceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1821)
       2. Mitrastemonaceae Makino, nom. cons. (1911)
       3. Rafflesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Apodanthaceae (R. Br.) Tiegh. ex Takht. (1987)
               Cytinaceae (Brongn.) A. Rich. (1824)
     11. Celastrales Baskerville (1839)
               Aquifoliales Senft (1856)
               Cardiopteridales Tahkt. (1997)
               Corynocarpales Takht. (1997)
               Geissolomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Icacinales Tiegh. ex Reveal (1993)
               Salvadorales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Geissolomataceae Endl. (1841)
       2. Celastraceae R. Br. (1814)
               Canotiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Chingithamnaceae Hand.-Mazz. (1932)
               Euonymaceae Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Goupiaceae Miers (1862)
               Lophopyxidaceae (Engl.) H. Pfeif. (1951)
               Siphonodontaceae (Croizat) Gagnep. & Tardieu ex Tardieu, nom. cons. (1951)
       3. Hippocrateaceae Juss. (1811)
               Salaciaceae Raf. (1838)
       4. Stackhousiaceae R. Br. (1814)
       5. Salvadoraceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Azimaceae Wight & Gardner (1845)
       6. Tepuianthaceae Maguire & Steyerm. (1981)
       7. Aquifoliaceae Bartl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Ilicaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Phellinaceae (Loes.) Takht. (1967)
               Sphenostemonaceae P. Royen & Airy Shaw (1972)
       8. Icacinaceae (Benth.) Miers, nom. cons. (1851)
               Pennantiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Phytocrenaceae Arn. ex R. Br. (1852)
       9. Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1920)
       10. Cardiopteridaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1847)
               Peripterygiaceae F.N. Williams (1905)
       11. Corynocarpaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       12. Dichapetalaceae Baill., nom. cons. (1886)
               Chailletiaceae R. Br. (1818)
     12. Euphorbiales Lindl. (1833)
               Buxales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
               Pandales Engl. & Gilg (1913)
               Simmondsiales Reveal (1992)
       1. Buxaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
               Pachysandraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Stylocerataceae (Pax) Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
       2. Simmondsiaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Tiegh. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
       3. Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1813)
               Bennettiaceae R. Br. ex Schnizl., nom. illeg. (1846-1866)
       4. Euphorbiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Acalyphaceae Juss. ex Menge (1839)
               Androstachyaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Antidesmataceae Loud. (1830)
               Aporusaceae Lindl. ex Miq. (1859)
               Bertyaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Bischofiaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1964)
               Crotonaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hippomanaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hymenocardiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Mercurialaceae Martinov (1820)
               Micrantheaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Paivaeusaceae A. Meeuse (1990)
               Peraceae Klotzsch (1859)
               Phyllanthaceae Martinov (1820)
               Picrodendraceae Small ex Britt. & Millsp., nom. cons. (1920)
               Porantheraceae (Pax) Hurus. (1954)
               Pseudanthaceae Endl. (1839)
               Putranjivaceae Endl. (1841)
               Ricinaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ricinocarpaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Hurus. (1954)
               Scepaceae Lindl. (1836)
               Stilaginaceae C. Agardh (1824)
               Tithymalaceae Adans. (1763)
               Tragiaceae Raf. (1838)
               Trewiaceae Lindl. (1836)
               Uapacaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1964)
     13. Rhamnales Dumort. (1829)
               Frangulales Wirtg. (1860)
               Vitales Reveal (1996)
       1. Rhamnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Frangulaceae DC. (1805)
               Gouaniaceae Raf. (1837)
               Phylicaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Ziziphaceae Adans. (1763)
       2. Leeaceae (DC.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       3. Vitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Ampelopsidaceae Kostel. (1835)
               Cissaceae Drejer (1840)
               Pterisanthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
     14. Linales Baskerville (1839)
       1. Erythroxylaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1822)
               Nectaropetalaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonça (1951)
       2. Humiriaceae A. Juss., nom. cons. (1829)
       3. Ixonanthaceae (Benth.) Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. (1951)
       4. Hugoniaceae Arn. (1834)
               Ctenolophonaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonça (1951)
       5. Linaceae DC. ex Gray (1821)
     15. Polygalales Dumort. (1829)
               Malpighiales Mart. (1835)
               Vochysiales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Malpighiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       2. Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1820)
               Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti (1989)
       3. Trigoniaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
       4. Tremandraceae R. Br. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Tetrathecaceae R. Br. (1814)
       5. Polygalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Diclidantheraceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
               Emblingiaceae (Pax) Airy Shaw (1964)
               Moutabeaceae Endl. (1841)
       6. Xanthophyllaceae (Chodat) Gagnep. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
       7. Krameriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     16. Sapindales Dumort. (1829)
               Acerales Lindl. (1833)
               Aesculales Bromhead (1838)
               Burserales Baskerville (1839)
               Citrales Dumort. (1829)
               Julianiales Engl. (1907)
               Meliales Lindl. (1833)
               Rutales Perleb (1826)
               Zygophyllales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
       1. Staphyleaceae (DC.) Lindl., nom. cons. (1829)
               Ochranthaceae Endl. (1841)
               Tapisciaceae (Pax) Takht. (1987)
       2. Melianthaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
       3. Bretschneideraceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       4. Akaniaceae Stapf, nom. cons. (1912)
       5. Sapindaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Allophylaceae Martinov (1820)
               Dodonaeaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Koelreuteriaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Ornithropaceae Martinov (1820)
               Paulliniaceae Durande (1782)
               Ptaeroxylaceae J.-F. Leroy (1960)
       6. Hippocastanaceae DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Aesculaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Paviaceae Horan. (1834)
       7. Aceraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       8. Burseraceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1824)
               Balsameaceae Dumort. (1829)
       9. Anacardiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Blepharocaryaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Cassuviaceae Juss. ex R. Br., nom. illeg. (1818)
               Comocladiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Pistaciaceae Adans. (1763)
               Podoaceae Baill. ex Franch. (1889)
               Rhoaceae Spreng. ex Sadler (1826)
               Schinaceae Raf. (1837)
               Spondiadaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sumachiaceae (DC.) Perleb, nom. illeg. (1838)
               Terebinthaceae Durande, nom. illeg. (1782)
               Vernicaceae Link (1831)
       10. Julianiaceae Hemsl., nom. cons. (1906)
       11. Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons. (1811)
               Ailanthaceae (Arn.) J. Agardh (1858)
               Castelaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Irvingiaceae (Engl.) Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. (1951)
               Kirkiaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1967)
               Picramniaceae (Engler) Fernando & Quinn (1995)
               Quassiaceae Bertol. (1827)
               Simabaceae Horan. (1847)
               Soulameaceae Endl. (1841)
       12. Cneoraceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Chamaeleaceae Bertol., nom. illeg. (1834)
       13. Meliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aitoniaceae (Harv.) R.A. Dyer, nom. inadmiss. (1975)
               Cedrelaceae R. Br. (1814)
               Swieteniaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       14. Rutaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Amyridaceae Kunth (1824)
               Aurantiaceae Durande (1782)
               Boroniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Citraceae Roussel (1806)
               Cuspariaceae (DC.) Tratt., nom. illeg. (1825)
               Dictamnaceae Vest (1818)
               Diosmaceae R. Br. ex Bartl. (1830)
               Diplolaenaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Flindersiaceae (Engl.) C.T. White ex Airy Shaw (1964)
               Fraxinellaceae Nees & Mart. (1823)
               Jamboliferaceae Martinov (1820)
               Monieraceae Raf., nom. illeg. (1838)
               Pilocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Pteleaceae Kunth (1824)
               Spatheliaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Zanthoxylaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       15. Zygophyllaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Balanitaceae Endl. (1841)
               Nitrariaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Peganaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
               Tetradiclidaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1986)
               Tribulaceae Trautv. (1853)
     17. Geraniales Dumort. (1829)
               Balsaminales Lindl. (1833)
               Biebersteiniales Takht. (1997)
               Limnanthales Nakai (1930)
               Oxalidales Heintze (1927)
               Tropaeolales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Oxalidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Averrhoaceae Hutch. (1959)
               Dirachmaceae Hutch. (1959)
               Hypseocharitaceae Wedd. (1861)
               Lepidobotryaceae J. Léonard, nom. cons. (1950)
               Oxydacae Rupr., nom. inadmiss. (1860)
       2. Geraniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Biebersteiniaceae Endl. (1841)
               Erodiaceae Horan. (1847)
               Ledocarpaceae Meyen (1834)
               Rhynchothecaceae Endl. (1841)
               Vivianiaceae Klotzsch (1836)
       3. Limnanthaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1833)
       4. Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Cardamindaceae Link, nom. illeg. (1831)
       5. Balsaminaceae A. Rich., nom. cons. (1822)
               Hydroceraceae Blume, nom. inadmiss. (1825)
               Impatientaceae Barnh. (1895)
     18. Apiales Nakai (1930)
               Ammiales Small (1903)
               Araliales Reveal (1996)
       1. Araliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Botryodendraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hederaceae Giseke (1792)
       2. Apiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Ammiaceae J. Presl & C. Presl ex Barnh. (1895)
               Angelicaceae Martinov (1820)
               Bupleuraceae Martinov (1820)
               Coriandraceae Burnett (1835)
               Daucaceae Martinov (1820)
               Eryngiaceae Raf. (1838)
               Hydrocotylaceae (Link) N. Hyl., nom. cons. (1945)
               Imperatoriaceae Martinov (1820)
               Pastinacaceae Martinov (1820)
               Saniculaceae (Burnett) A. Löve & D. Löve (1974)
               Smyrniaceae Burnett (1835)
               Umbelliferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)

Magnoliidae through Dilleniidae, Asteridae or Alismatidae through Liliidae

Next Series of Lecture Notes:
Dahlgren System of Angiosperm Classification

15 Nov 1998